An indirect, activetype, environmentally friendly, lowcost solar dryer was designed to dry various agricultural products. Solar cooling technologies demand high temperatures and not all the type of solar collectors are. Design, fabrication and performance evaluation of solar dryer. In most cases solar collectors in order to reduce heat losses are covered exception is pool collector, when necessary achievable temperature level is some 10 20. Solar collector the energy of the solar radiation is in this case converted to heat with the use of solar panel. The design of solar collectors is a significant aspect for solar cooling applications. The sun has an effective blackbody temperature of 5762 k.
Mechanical engineering solar energy technology nptel. Numerous innovations are also in progress to improve the efficiency of pv cells made from crystalline silicon so as to tap solar energy efficiently powerpoint ppt. More than one hundred years ago black painted water tanks were used as simple solar water heaters in a number of countries. Flatplate collector an overview sciencedirect topics. Evacuated tube and flatplate collectors are the two basic types of solar dhw collectors used to transfer solar energy to heat water via a transfer medium for residential use.
The term solar collector commonly refers to a device for solar hot water heating, but may refer to large power generating installations such as solar parabolic troughs and solar towers or non water heating devices such as solar air heaters solar thermal collectors are either nonconcentrating or concentrating. Flat plate collectors a solar collector is a special kind of heat exchanger that transforms solar radiant energy into heat a solar collector differs in several respects from more conventional heat exchangers. The heat energy produced by a solar collector depends on the type and design of the collector. The latter usually accomplish a fluidtofluid exchange with high heat transfer rates and. Table1 depicts the taxonomy of different types of solar collector for adsorption refrigeration system. Solar thermal collectors and applications soteris a. Banerjee,department of electrical engineering, iit kharagpur. Nptel syllabus solar engineering technology video course course outline the need for alternate energy sources, potential of solar and wind options, advantages and lacunae, the sun, physical description, reactions that generate thermal energy, an estimate of energy emitted by sun and energy that reaches the earth, sunearth geometry. Solar energy conversion and photoenergy systems vol. But, we do consider solar to be one of the options, in trying to reduce the dependence on fossil fuel. Then solar heat can be used for heating water, to heating or cooling systems, or for heating swimming pools. The former classification can be further made according to.
Pdf introduction of solar collectors and energy and. Solar energy potential in ksa power production in saudi arabia 2010 219 twh considering average yearly irradiance of 2. Background solar thermal water heating or solar hot water shw has a long history of use throughout the world, but has had varying penetration in the u. If less, the application may still be worthwhile, but the benefit will be less. Lecture series on energy resources and technology by prof. In the design of solar collector the energy and exergy analysis were used to establish the appropriate components and.
In chapter 20 we introduce different concepts related to solar thermal energy. Wald encyclopedia of life support systems eolss over the whole spectrum is called total radiation or. Theory of flat plate collectors liquid based c pdf unavailable. Energy and dependence on external sources and sun, physical discription and reactons. The solar thermal energy can be used in solar waterheating systems, solar pool heaters, and solar spaceheating systems.
Because some flat plate panels have selective surface absorber plates, which provide equivalent output performance with respect to evacuated tube. Beckman of solar lab, university of wisconsin and who had been. If you are a reasonably skilled handyman or woman or if you can get a mechanically inclined person to help you. Pdf on apr 15, 2017, saurabh kumar rajput and others published solar energy fundamentals, economic and energy analysis first edition. Most flatplate collectors have two horizontal pipes at the top and bottom, called headers, and many smaller vertical pipes connecting them, called risers. Flat plate collectors are categorized as stationary collectors, having unity concentration ratio and temperature range use for standard collectors between 3080. Paul thomas1, praveen ajith1, arjun palayakkodan1, m. Design, fabrication and performance evaluation of solar dryer for banana vinay narayan hegde, viraj shrikanth hosur, samyukthkumar k rathod, puneet a harsoor and k badari narayana abstract background. The paper describes the design and testing of a solar air collector in order to develop more efficient and cost effective energy process. A solar thermal collector collects heat by absorbing sunlight. Evacuated tube collectors qcoll is the energy collected per unit collector area per unit time fr is the collectors heat removal factor.
Solar collectors and solar hot water systems 17 it is assumed that the collectors are mounted with tiltangle. Present status, solar cells, cell technologies, characteristics of pv systems, equivalent circuit, array design, building integrated pv system, its components, sizing and economics. Design, developing and testing of a solar air collector. The solar energy strikes our planet a mere 8 min and 20 s after leaving the giant furnace, the sun which is 1. The sun is a sphere of intensely hot gaseous matter with a diameter of 1. The computational domain consists of the tubes and the absorber plate. Lecture 15 solar thermal energy conversion youtube. Solar thermal power plant comprises power plants which first convert solar radiation into heat. Click on any video lecture link to view and download that video. Heliostat field collector hfc point 1001500 1502000 twoaxes parabolic dish reflector pdr point 100 100500 tracking. Heliostat field collector hfc point 1001500 1502000 twoaxes parabolic dish reflector pdr point 100 100500 tracking cylindrical trough collector ctc tubular 1050 60300. Several types of solar collectors both theoretically and experimentally have been investigated and formulae for the calculation of. Cold air is blown through a blower into the collectors, which gets heated during the passage through it. The resulting thermal energy is subsequently transformed into mechanical.
Design and test of nonevacuated solar collectors with. Different types of solar thermal collectors are available based on the requirements, amount of heating required etc. The term solar collector commonly refers to a device for solar hot water heating, but may refer to large power generating installations such as solar parabolic troughs and solar towers or non water heating devices such as solar air heaters. According to the type of solar radiation concentration, solar thermal power plants are subdivided into. Kalogirou department of mechanical engineering, higher technical institute, p. Solar collectors 1 solar collectors transform solar radiation into heat and transfer that heat to a medium water, solar fluid, or air. If a coolant filled pipe solar energy absorber pipe, or a tubular evacuated tube solar energy absorber tube is colocated at the cofocal line, there will then be a maximum of concentrated solar energy delivered and transferred to the.
Includes references and tools for solar collector design, and information on the organizations that test and rate solar collector performance. This project describes numerical investigation of the performance of a solar flat plate collector. If it is not possible to mount the collectors on the roof, they can also be mounted on a suitable frame near the house, they can be integrated into an earth bank, or mounted on a flat roof. Find the actual solar energy available at the panel, h t. Oct 24, 2008 lecture series on energy resources and technology by prof. Nptel mechanical engineering solar energy technology.
It is made out of two plates welded together lengthwise. Pdf solar energy fundamentals, economic and energy. Satyamurty from iit kharagpur made available by nptel elearning initiative. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Twotemperature modeling results 500 500 phonon dashed lines. It depends on the level of temperature required by the process. Crystalline solar collectors market estimated to experience a hike in growth by 2024 crystalline solar pv collectors are mostly used in the industrial and residential sectors. Solar energy technology online course video lectures by iit. Using the sun energy to heat water is not a new idea. Wald encyclopedia of life support systems eolss in clear and cloudy atmospheric conditions, and especially the effects of molecules, aerosols, gases and clouds. Theory of air based solar flat plate collectors contd.
Introduction solar thermal solar photovoltaic in cold climate large amount of low grade thermal energy is used. Design, fabrication and performance evaluation of solar. Dimensioning and design of stellenbosch university. Pdf introduction of solar collectors and energy and exergy. Several examples are given that illustrate atmospheric. A nonconcentrating collector has the same area for intercepting and for absorbing solar radiation, whereas a suntracking concentrating solar collector usually has concave reflecting surfaces to intercept and focus the suns beam radiation to a smaller receiving area, thereby increasing the. When this is done, the cofocal point then becomes a cofocal line. Solar collectors solar collectors are the key component of active solarheating systems.
High performance flat plate solar thermal collector evaluation. Solar water heaters, such as the ap evacuated tube solar collectors by apricus that use evacuated tube technology, are able to reach a complete solar collector efficiency not just the absorber of nearly 70% based on aperture dimensions, and over 80% if you just consider the surface area of the black absorber. Types of solar collectorstypes of solar collectors note. Experimental analysis of evacuated tubular collectors with. In chapter 21, which is the last chapter of the regular text, we discuss solar fuels, which allow to store solar energy on the long term in the form of chemical energy. Types of collectors, collection systems, efficiency calculations, applications. Bhatia, in advanced renewable energy systems, 2014. Unesco eolss sample chapters solar energy conversion and photoenergy systems vol. Introduction of solar collectors and energy and exergy analysis of a heliostat plant conference paper pdf available july 2016 with 6,406 reads how we measure reads.
Solar thermal collectors and applications sciencedirect. Solar collection type of solar collectors, photovoltaic. Alternative methods of solar energy are discussed in part v. They gather the suns energy, transform its radiation into heat, then transfer that heat to a fluid usually water or air. These lectures are meant for the curricular course, olar energy technologys. All solar thermal systems capture the energy of the. Ppt solar collectors powerpoint presentation free to view. Solar thermal installation manual solar panels plus. Ppt solar collectors powerpoint presentation free to. Concentration ratio is defined as the aperture area divided by the receiverabsorber area of the collector. Solar water heating clearinghouse energy efficiency renewableand energy t o f e n e r g d y e p a r t m e n u e n i t e d s ta s o f a e r i c a m homes such as this one use solar water heaters to supply most of the hotwater needs for the household. Solar energy technology online course video lectures by. Advantages and disadvantages of solar air collectors air is a lower technical risk leaking freezing boiling easier to build build into architectural design not as efficient heat transfer lower temperatures more collector area needed. Classification of solar collectors depending of number of covers in fig.
Analysis tools to size and design solar collectors. Flatplate collectors are an extension of the basic idea to place a collector in an ovenlike box with glass in the direction of the sun. Let us consider a typical flat plate solar collector that is used in solar water heater. The flatplate collectors have an important place among applications of solar energy system. Solar collectors1 solar collectors transform solar radiation into heat and transfer that heat to a medium water, solar fluid, or air. The sun should shine upon the solar collectors from 9 am to 3 pm. In the case of solar thermal collectors, the two main types are flat plate collector and evacuated tube collectors.
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